Polish Grade Calculator (2-5 Scale)
The Polish Grade Calculator is an essential tool for students studying at Polish universities to calculate their weighted grade average using the official Polish 2-5 grading scale. This calculator helps you determine your średnia ocen (grade average), track academic progress, assess graduation eligibility, and prepare for international applications requiring grade conversions from Poland's European-standard grading system.
Table of Contents
What is the Polish Grading System?
Poland employs a standardized 2-5 grading scale that has been used across Polish universities since the Bologna Process implementation. This numerical grading system with half-point increments is regulated by the Polish Ministry of Education and Science and applies uniformly across all Polish higher education institutions, including prestigious universities like University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, Warsaw University of Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, and Gdańsk University of Technology.
In the Polish university system, 5.0 represents the highest grade (Bardzo dobry - Very Good), while 2.0 represents failure (Niedostateczny - Unsatisfactory). The passing grades are 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0, with additional half-point increments indicated by plus signs (+). Grade 3.0 (Dostateczny) is the minimum passing grade, indicating satisfactory performance meeting minimum requirements. Polish universities typically use increments of 0.5 points: 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, and 2.0.
A distinctive feature of Polish higher education is its integration with the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). Since 2007, all Polish higher education institutions have been required to use ECTS for both credit transfer and accumulation within their degree programmes, following Poland's full implementation of the Bologna Process. Each ECTS credit represents approximately 25-30 hours of student workload in Poland. A full-time academic year comprises 60 ECTS credits (30 per semester), with bachelor's degrees requiring 180-240 ECTS over 3-4 years depending on the field, and master's degrees requiring 90-120 ECTS over 1.5-2 years. Polish universities also use a Pass/Fail system (zaliczenie - zal.) for certain courses like seminars, laboratory work, or practical training, where students receive credit without a numerical grade. These pass/fail courses earn ECTS credits but don't contribute to grade point average calculations. The Polish grading system directly aligns with ECTS letter grades (A through F), facilitating academic mobility across European institutions while maintaining Poland's distinctive educational standards established by the Ministry of Education and Science.
Polish Grade Calculator
Calculate Your Polish Weighted Average / Oblicz Średnią Ocen
Enter your course grades (2-5 scale) and ECTS credits (punkty ECTS). The calculator computes your weighted average, classification, and US GPA equivalent.
Your Academic Results / Twoje Wyniki Akademickie
Total ECTS Credits (Punkty ECTS):
Grade Point Average (GPA) / Średnia ocen: / 5.0
Polish Classification:
ECTS Grade:
US GPA Equivalent: / 4.0
Pass Status:
Grade Calculation Formulas
Polish universities calculate grade point averages (średnia ocen) by multiplying each course grade by its ECTS credit value (punkty ECTS), following standardized methodology across Polish institutions as established by the Ministry of Education and Science. This ensures courses with higher workloads appropriately influence your overall academic performance.
Weighted Average Formula (Średnia Ocen)
\[ \text{GPA} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{n} (\text{Grade}_i \times \text{ECTS}_i)}{\sum_{i=1}^{n} \text{ECTS}_i} \]
Components / Komponenty:
- Gradei = Your numerical grade in course i (2.0-5.0 scale)
- ECTSi = The ECTS credit value (punkty ECTS) for course i
- n = Total number of courses included
- Σ (Sigma) = Summation symbol
US GPA Conversion Formula
\[ \text{US GPA} \approx \frac{(\text{Polish GPA} - 2.0) \times 4.0}{3.0} \]
This provides an approximate conversion from the Polish 2-5 scale to the American 4.0 GPA system, accounting for the fact that Polish grade 2.0 is a fail.
Detailed Calculation Example / Szczegółowy Przykład Obliczenia
Student Courses:
- Mathematics: Grade 5.0 (Very Good), 6 ECTS
- Physics: Grade 4.5 (Good Plus), 6 ECTS
- Computer Science: Grade 4.0 (Good), 6 ECTS
Step 1 - Calculate Weighted Values:
\[ \text{Mathematics: } 5.0 \times 6 = 30.0 \]
\[ \text{Physics: } 4.5 \times 6 = 27.0 \]
\[ \text{Computer Science: } 4.0 \times 6 = 24.0 \]
Step 2 - Sum Totals:
\[ \text{Total Weighted Grades: } 30.0 + 27.0 + 24.0 = 81.0 \]
\[ \text{Total ECTS: } 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 \]
Step 3 - Calculate GPA:
\[ \text{GPA} = \frac{81.0}{18} = 4.5 \]
Step 4 - Convert to US GPA:
\[ \text{US GPA} \approx \frac{(4.5 - 2.0) \times 4.0}{3.0} = \frac{2.5 \times 4.0}{3.0} = 3.33 \]
The student's GPA of 4.5 on the Polish scale corresponds to grade Dobry plus (Good Plus), representing strong academic performance, converting to approximately 3.3 US GPA (B+) on the American scale.
Official Polish Grading Scale
The Polish grading system provides standardized classifications used across universities in Poland as established by the Ministry of Education and Science. Understanding these classifications is essential for interpreting academic performance within Poland's European-standard higher education system.
| Grade | Polish Term | English Translation | ECTS Grade | US Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.0 | Bardzo dobry | Very Good | A | A (4.0) |
| 4.5 | Dobry plus | Good Plus / Better than Good | B | B+ (3.3) |
| 4.0 | Dobry | Good | C | B (3.0) |
| 3.5 | Dostateczny plus | Satisfactory Plus / Better than Satisfactory | D | C+ (2.3) |
| 3.0 | Dostateczny | Satisfactory / Sufficient | E | C (2.0) |
| 2.0 | Niedostateczny | Unsatisfactory / Fail | F | F (0.0) |
| Zal. | Zaliczenie | Pass / Credited (no grade) | Pass | Pass |
Understanding Polish Plus (+) Grading: Polish universities commonly use plus signs (+) to indicate half-point increments between major grades. A grade of "dobry plus" (4+) equals 4.5 numerically. Some institutions may also use minus signs (-) for grades slightly below the major mark. The zaliczenie (pass/fail) system is used for certain course types like seminars, laboratory work, or practical training where students receive credit (punkty ECTS) without a numerical grade affecting their GPA. Polish grading is criterion-referenced, meaning grades reflect achievement of specific learning outcomes rather than relative standing among peers.
Uses of Polish Grade Calculator
The Polish Grade Calculator serves critical functions for students throughout their academic journey in Poland and when pursuing international opportunities. Understanding your weighted average (średnia ocen) is essential for academic planning, scholarship applications, and career advancement within Poland's European-aligned higher education system.
Degree Completion Requirements
Graduation requirements at Polish universities mandate passing all required courses with minimum grades of 3.0 (Dostateczny). Students must accumulate 180-240 ECTS for bachelor's degrees (depending on field) or 90-120 ECTS for master's degrees. The calculator helps you track your cumulative performance throughout your studies, ensuring you understand your academic standing and can identify areas needing improvement before final examinations or thesis defense.
Master's and Doctoral Admissions
Admission requirements for competitive Polish master's programs typically prefer strong academic records with averages above 4.0 (Good). Top programs at University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, Warsaw University of Technology, and other prestigious institutions may require averages approaching 4.5 or higher for highly competitive specializations like medicine, engineering, law, and business. Doctoral program admission requires demonstrating strong academic performance with master's grades at 4.5 level or above.
Scholarship Eligibility
Merit-based funding from Polish government scholarships, university scholarships, and EU programs typically require strong academic records with averages of 4.0 or higher. The Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) offers various scholarship programs requiring excellent academic standing. International students applying for scholarships benefit from understanding their Polish grade equivalents. Prestigious scholarships demand exceptional performance at 4.5 or 5.0 levels.
Erasmus+ and Exchange Programs
International mobility programs including Erasmus+ require students to maintain satisfactory academic standing, typically with grade averages of 3.5 or higher. Polish students applying for competitive exchange positions at prestigious international universities benefit from understanding their GPA in both Polish and international contexts, demonstrating academic preparedness for global education environments through accurate grade conversions.
International Study Applications
Study abroad applications to universities outside Europe require converting Polish grades to local scales. This calculator provides both your Polish GPA and an approximate US GPA equivalent, facilitating applications to North American, Asian, and other international institutions. Understanding your standing helps contextualize your competitiveness for international programs and graduate school admissions requiring specific GPA thresholds.
Graduate Employment Prospects
Recruitment screening by competitive Polish employers, multinational corporations operating in Poland, and international companies often involves academic evaluation. Organizations like PKN Orlen, PZU Group, KGHM, CD Projekt, and global consulting firms recruiting in Poland may consider academic records during graduate selection. Strong averages at 4.5 level or above significantly enhance employment prospects for elite graduate programs and competitive positions.
Professional Certifications
Polish professional requirements in regulated fields like medicine, engineering, teaching, law, and accounting may consider academic performance during licensing procedures. Strong university performance enhances prospects for competitive residency positions, specialized training programs, and early career opportunities in regulated professions throughout Poland.
How to Calculate Your Polish Grade
Follow these comprehensive steps to manually calculate your Polish university grade point average (średnia ocen):
- Access Your Academic Records: Log into your university's student portal system (Polish universities use various systems like USOS, virtual dean's office, or institution-specific platforms). Download your transcript (odpis karty okresowych osiągnięć) showing all completed courses with their numerical grades (2.0-5.0 scale) and ECTS credit values (punkty ECTS).
- Identify Completed Courses: Include only courses where you received final numerical grades from 3.0 to 5.0 (passing grades). Exclude courses marked as "zaliczenie" (pass/fail) without numerical grades, courses currently in progress, or failed courses graded 2.0 unless they count in your program's calculation rules. Polish universities typically use only passing grades for weighted average calculations.
- Note Grade Values: Polish universities use the following numerical values: 5.0 (Bardzo dobry), 4.5 (Dobry plus), 4.0 (Dobry), 3.5 (Dostateczny plus), 3.0 (Dostateczny), and 2.0 (Niedostateczny - fail). The plus (+) sign indicates 0.5 additional points. Use these exact values in your calculations.
- Multiply Each Grade by ECTS Credits: For every course, calculate: Grade × ECTS Credits = Weighted Value. For example, if you earned 5.0 in a 6 ECTS course: 5.0 × 6 = 30.0. If you received 4.5 in a 6 ECTS course: 4.5 × 6 = 27.0. Complete this multiplication for all courses included in your calculation period.
- Sum All Weighted Values: Add together all weighted values from the previous step. Using a three-course example (30.0 + 27.0 + 24.0), this gives 81.0 total weighted grade points. This sum represents your cumulative academic achievement weighted by course workload as measured in ECTS credits (punkty ECTS).
- Sum All ECTS Credits: Add up all ECTS credits (punkty ECTS) from passed courses. In our example (6 + 6 + 6), the total is 18 ECTS credits. This represents the portion of your degree program you have completed with numerical grades.
- Calculate Your GPA (Średnia ocen): Divide your total weighted grade points by your total ECTS credits. Using our example: 81.0 ÷ 18 = 4.5. This is your current GPA on the Polish 2-5 scale, typically expressed to two decimal places. Your GPA doesn't need to be one of the standard grades—it can be any value between 2.0 and 5.0.
- Interpret Your Performance: Compare your GPA to the Polish grading scale. A GPA of 4.5 corresponds to "Dobry plus" (Good Plus), indicating strong academic performance. Polish grading is criterion-referenced, meaning your grades reflect achievement of specific learning outcomes established by each course, not relative standing among classmates.
Important Considerations: Polish universities may have specific calculation policies that vary by institution and program. Some faculties include failed attempts in GPA calculations while others exclude them. Courses graded as zaliczenie (pass/fail) earn ECTS credits but don't count toward numerical GPA calculations. Transfer credits from other institutions or exchange programs may or may not count depending on university policy. Some programs weight diploma thesis grades more heavily. Always verify your university's official methodology or consult with your dziekanat (dean's office) for formal purposes.
How This Calculator Works
This Polish Grade Calculator implements the standard weighted average methodology used across Polish universities, aligned with Ministry of Education and Science standards and ECTS regulations following Poland's Bologna Process implementation.
Grade Value System
Polish 2-5 scale implementation uses the exact numerical values defined by the Ministry of Education: 5.0 (Bardzo dobry), 4.5 (Dobry plus), 4.0 (Dobry), 3.5 (Dostateczny plus), 3.0 (Dostateczny), and 2.0 (Niedostateczny). This scale with half-point increments provides more granularity than simpler systems, allowing professors to make finer distinctions in student performance assessment.
Input Processing System
Dropdown grade selection provides an intuitive interface for entering Polish grades, with all common values from 5.0 (Bardzo dobry) to 2.0 (Niedostateczny), including both Polish and English terminology to help international students studying in Poland. This design prevents input errors and ensures grades stay within the valid Polish range. ECTS credit input (punkty ECTS) accepts positive values reflecting Polish course structures typically using 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.5 ECTS per course.
Weighted Average Calculation
Precise mathematical computation follows the exact formula used by Polish universities. The calculator multiplies each course grade by its ECTS value (punkty ECTS), sums all weighted values, and divides by total ECTS using high-precision floating-point arithmetic. Results display to two decimal places (e.g., 4.35) consistent with Polish academic reporting standards, recognizing that weighted averages don't need to match the standard half-point grades.
Classification Engine
Automatic classification system compares your calculated GPA against the Polish grading scale to assign appropriate performance categories using both Polish terminology (Bardzo dobry, Dobry plus, Dobry, etc.) and English translations. For averages falling between standard grades, the calculator provides contextual classification helping students understand their performance level relative to Polish educational standards.
ECTS Grade Conversion
Direct ECTS mapping converts your Polish average to the ECTS grading scale (A through F) using the official correspondences defined by Polish universities: 5.0=A, 4.5=B, 4.0=C, 3.5=D, 3.0=E, 2.0=F. This direct mapping reflects Polish universities' integration with the European Higher Education Area, facilitating Erasmus applications and international exchange programs across Europe without additional conversion complexity.
US GPA Conversion
International equivalency calculation converts your Polish GPA to an approximate US 4.0 scale using the formula: [(Polish GPA - 2.0) × 4.0] ÷ 3.0. This accounts for the fact that Polish grade 2.0 is a fail (equivalent to US 0.0), so the conversion scales the three-point Polish passing range (3.0-5.0) to the four-point US scale (0.0-4.0). The calculator notes that exact conversion methods vary by institution.
Pass/Fail Determination
Automatic pass status assessment determines whether your overall performance meets Polish graduation requirements. Since 3.0 (Dostateczny) is the minimum passing grade, any average below 3.0 indicates overall failure or insufficient performance. The calculator provides clear pass/fail status along with performance classification, helping students understand both whether they're meeting minimum standards and how strong their academic standing is within Poland's European-aligned educational framework.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the minimum passing grade in Polish universities?
The minimum passing grade in Polish universities is 3.0 (Dostateczny - Satisfactory/Sufficient). This grade indicates performance that meets minimum requirements for passing the course. Any grade of 2.0 (Niedostateczny - Unsatisfactory) indicates failure. Polish universities use criterion-referenced grading where grade 3.0 confirms you achieved minimum learning objectives for that specific course, as defined in the course syllabus. The Polish system typically offers students multiple examination attempts to pass failed courses, with most courses providing at least two regular examination periods per semester plus additional resit opportunities. To successfully complete your degree, you must achieve at least grade 3.0 in all required courses to earn their ECTS credits (punkty ECTS).
What does the plus (+) sign mean in Polish grading?
In Polish grading, the plus (+) sign adds 0.5 points to the base grade. For example, "dobry plus" (good plus) equals 4.5 numerically, falling halfway between 4.0 (dobry/good) and 5.0 (bardzo dobry/very good). The plus system provides professors flexibility to recognize performance that exceeds one grade level but doesn't quite reach the next full level. Polish universities standardly use six grades: 5.0, 4.5 (4+), 4.0, 3.5 (3+), 3.0, and 2.0. Some institutions may occasionally use minus (-) signs for grades slightly below the standard mark, though this is less common. When transcripts show grades with plus signs, they're converted to their numerical equivalents (4+ = 4.5) for weighted average calculations. The plus notation reflects Poland's effort to provide more granular assessment than simple whole-number systems.
Can I retake courses to improve my Polish university grades?
Yes, Polish universities allow students to retake failed courses (grade 2.0). Policies on retaking passed courses for grade improvement vary by institution and program. Polish examination regulations typically provide multiple examination opportunities throughout the year, with most courses offering regular examination periods in January-February and June-July, plus resit examinations in August-September. Some universities allow grade improvement for passed courses within certain time limits, while others restrict this practice or limit the number of attempts. If you retake a course, your transcript may show all attempts, though policies vary on whether failed grades remain in weighted average calculations or are replaced by passing grades. Polish higher education emphasizes achievement, so retaking to improve understanding and grades is generally supported. Always consult your university's examination regulations (regulamin studiów) and dziekanat (dean's office) for specific retake policies.
How do Polish grades convert to US GPA?
Converting Polish grades to US GPA requires understanding that Polish grade 2.0 is a fail. Polish 5.0 typically converts to US 4.0 (A), Polish 4.5 to 3.3 (B+), Polish 4.0 to 3.0 (B), Polish 3.5 to 2.3 (C+), and Polish 3.0 to 2.0 (C). A conversion formula is: US GPA ≈ [(Polish GPA - 2.0) × 4.0] ÷ 3.0. This scales the Polish three-point passing range (3.0-5.0) to the US four-point scale. However, this linear conversion may not fully capture assessment rigor differences. Many US graduate schools and credential evaluation services like WES, ECE, or Educational Perspectives use their own conversion methods, sometimes adjusting for Polish grading practices. When applying internationally, always provide context about Polish grading standards and check with target institutions for their official conversion policies. Polish transcripts include ECTS grades (A-F) which can help international institutions understand your performance.
What GPA do I need for Polish master's programs?
Competitive Polish master's programs typically require bachelor's degree performance with averages of 4.0 (Good) or higher. Top programs at University of Warsaw, Jagiellonian University, Warsaw University of Technology, AGH University, Poznań University, and other prestigious institutions often demand averages approaching 4.5 for highly competitive specializations like medicine, engineering, law, business, and computer science. Some highly selective programs explicitly require averages of 4.5 or higher. Less competitive programs may accept averages around 3.5, especially if applicants demonstrate strong performance in prerequisite subjects, relevant work experience, or research potential. International students applying to Polish universities face similar academic standards, with their grades evaluated through official conversion tables. Some programs also consider entrance examinations, interviews, or portfolio submissions alongside GPA. Check specific program requirements carefully as they vary significantly by field and institution within Polish higher education.
Do all courses count equally in Polish GPA calculations?
No, courses are weighted proportionally based on their ECTS credit values (punkty ECTS) in Polish university weighted average calculations. A course worth 6 ECTS has twice the influence on your average as a course worth 3 ECTS. This weighted system ensures that courses requiring more student workload (more lecture hours, laboratory work, and study time) appropriately impact your overall academic standing. However, some courses like seminars, practical training, or certain laboratory work may use zaliczenie (pass/fail) assessment rather than numerical grades and thus don't count in numerical weighted average calculations despite earning ECTS credits. Polish universities explicitly state which assessment form applies to each course in the course description (karta przedmiotu). Some programs may weight diploma thesis grades more heavily or treat certain courses differently. Always check your program's specific calculation policies as they may vary across faculties and institutions.
What is considered a good average in Polish universities?
A "good" weighted average in Polish universities typically means 4.0 or above, which literally corresponds to the grade "Dobry" (Good) on the official scale. Averages of 4.5 or above are considered very good to excellent, representing strong academic performance. An average of 5.0 indicates consistently excellent achievement across all courses. An average of 3.5-4.0 represents satisfactory to good performance. Polish criterion-referenced grading means grades reflect genuine achievement of learning outcomes defined by each course. Unlike systems with grade inflation, Polish grading maintains reasonable standards where grade 4.0 genuinely indicates good command of the material. Polish employers and graduate programs understand this context, and averages of 4.0-4.5 are considered competitive for most opportunities. Context matters—averages in rigorous STEM programs may be somewhat lower than in some other fields, reflecting course difficulty. Many successful Polish graduates maintain averages around 3.5-4.5, which demonstrates solid competency and readiness for professional careers or further studies.
How does Polish grading compare to other European systems?
Polish grading falls within the moderate range of European systems, similar to other Central European grading practices. Polish grade 4.5-5.0 typically equates to British Upper Second Class or First Class, German "Gut" to "Sehr gut" (1.5-2.0), or French 14-16/20. Polish grade 4.0 aligns with British Lower Second Class or German "Befriedigend" (2.5-3.0). The Polish 2-5 scale with half-point increments provides more granularity than some simpler systems. Polish grading directly integrates with ECTS letter grades (A-F), facilitating European academic mobility following Poland's Bologna Process implementation. Unlike curved or norm-referenced systems, Polish grading is criterion-referenced where grades reflect achievement of specific learning outcomes. Polish universities maintain reasonable standards without excessive grade inflation, making Polish grades internationally respected and relatively straightforward to convert. The Polish system's alignment with ECTS and European standards helps Polish students participate in Erasmus exchanges and pursue international opportunities across the European Higher Education Area.
What is zaliczenie in Polish universities?
Zaliczenie (often abbreviated as "zal.") means "pass" or "credit" in Polish universities. It's a pass/fail assessment method used for certain types of courses where numerical grading is deemed inappropriate. Courses commonly using zaliczenie include seminars, laboratory work, practical training, physical education, and some project-based courses. When you receive zaliczenie, you earn the course's ECTS credits (punkty ECTS) but don't receive a numerical grade. These credits count toward your degree completion requirements but don't affect your weighted average (średnia ocen) calculations. Zaliczenie confirms you met the course requirements satisfactorily, typically through regular attendance, participation, completing assignments, or passing required assessments. The opposite is "brak zaliczenia" (no credit/fail), meaning you didn't meet requirements. Some courses may offer "zaliczenie z oceną" (credit with grade), which combines credit-earning with numerical grading. The zaliczenie system provides flexibility for courses where learning outcomes are better assessed through participation and engagement than traditional examinations.
How accurate is this Polish grade calculator?
This calculator implements the exact weighted average formula used by Polish universities: (Sum of grades × ECTS) ÷ Total ECTS, using the standard Polish numerical values (5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0). It produces identical results to manual calculations using the same methodology. However, for official purposes such as master's program applications, scholarship applications, international credential evaluation, or employment verification, always rely on your university's official transcript (odpis z indeksu or świadectwo ukończenia studiów) from your university administration. Individual universities may have specific policies about which courses to include, how to handle failed attempts, transfer credits from other institutions, or how to present averages for specific purposes. Some programs may exclude zaliczenie (pass/fail) courses or weight thesis grades differently. The calculator provides accurate estimates for planning and self-assessment but cannot replace official university documentation issued by Polish educational institutions through proper administrative channels (dziekanat or biuro obsługi studenta).
Official Sources and References
This Polish Grade Calculator is based on official regulations and grading standards used across Polish universities. For authoritative information about Polish university grading systems, ECTS credits, and academic regulations, please consult these official sources:
- Study in Poland - Official Government Portal - Official Polish government website providing comprehensive information about higher education in Poland, including grading systems and ECTS credit information.
- Gdańsk University of Technology - Grading System - Official documentation on the Polish 2-5 grading scale and ECTS conversion used at one of Poland's leading technical universities.
- Nicolaus Copernicus University - Grading and ECTS - Comprehensive explanation of the Polish grading system and ECTS credit system implementation at NCU in Toruń.
- University of Szczecin - Grading Scale - Official grading scale information including ECTS conversion and grade definitions used at University of Szczecin.
- European Commission - ECTS System - Official European Commission resource explaining the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System that Polish universities have fully implemented since 2007.
Legal Framework: Polish university grading and credit systems are regulated by the Ministry of Education and Science through the Higher Education and Science Act (Ustawa – Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce). Since 2007, all Polish higher education institutions have been required to implement ECTS for both credit transfer and accumulation following Poland's full Bologna Process implementation. Individual universities establish specific examination regulations (regulamin studiów) within their statutes, following Ministry guidelines that mandate criterion-referenced assessment where grades reflect achievement of specific learning outcomes defined in course syllabi (karty przedmiotów).
Important Disclaimer: This calculator is an educational tool designed to help students estimate weighted grade averages using the standard Polish university calculation method. While it implements the official weighted average formula and uses the standard Polish numerical values (5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, 2.0), individual universities and programs may have specific policies regarding which courses to include, how to handle failed attempts, transfer credits, exchange grades, zaliczenie (pass/fail) courses, or recognized foreign qualifications. Some programs may weight diploma theses or comprehensive examinations differently. Polish universities provide official transcripts (odpis z indeksu or świadectwo) with calculated averages for formal purposes. Always verify your official academic standing through your university's transcript from your dziekanat (dean's office) or biuro obsługi studenta (student service office) for formal purposes such as master's program admissions, scholarship applications, or international credential evaluation.